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Kalinaw News: Labor organizer turns-over two firearms, admits NPA membership

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Posted to Kalinaw News (Mar 12, 2020): Labor organizer turns-over two firearms, admits NPA membership (By 2nd Infantry Division)



CAMP CAPINPIN, Tanay, Rizal – A labor organizer confessed his membership to the communist terrorist group’s underground movement after he surrendered his two unlicensed firearms to joint AFP and PNP forces at Sta Rosa City on Wednesday.

The surrendered personality admitted that several employees’ unions in Southern Tagalog have been infiltrated by NPA-affiliated personalities with the intention of sowing and exploiting alleged labor issues, a standard action among the terrorists’ white area operators to sabotage multinational companies’ operations in the country.

Col Alex S Rillera, Commander of the 202nd Infantry Brigade which has operational jurisdiction over Region 4A’s vast industrial zones, said that a Cal .38 pistol and a shotgun were recovered by security forces along with CPP-NPA and KMU Flags as well as numerous communist terrorist documents.

“This incident shows another direct link of the NPAs to those so-called progressive groups who sugarcoat their anti-progress and anti-development intentions under the guise of compassion to our country’s labor sector”, added Col Rillera.

Several progressive groups recently came under fire and were the subject of Senate inquiry due to allegations made by a group of parents that they are NPA fronts in recruiting students and minors to join the rebels .

He ended his statement by reaffirming his soldiers’ “commitment to liberate CALABARZON from the clutches of NPA terrorism, both from the threats posed by their few remaining fighters and from the deception of their cadres who are operating in the urban areas, so that lasting peace will reign and the region’s economic potentials will be optimized.”

Per the military’s intelligence assessments, the communist terrorists have intensified their expansion of operations to urban areas, particularly the industrial zones, to coerce companies to give in to their extortion demands to cover the “losses” that they have incurred due to the cessation of foreign funding coming mostly from European countries.

Major General Arnulfo Marcelo B Burgos Jr, Commander of the Philippine Army’s 2nd Infantry Division, lauded the surrender saying that “such voluntary surrender of a cadre operating in the white area is a manifestation of the growing unrest among the NPA’s ranks, including those in their so-called legal organizations, which supports our claim that insurgency in this part of the country is, indeed, on the verge of collapse.”

He said that the communist terrorists’ worst nightmare of being irrelevant has already reached an irreversible stage as indicated by the NPA’s low number of manpower, inability to recruit quality cadres, series of mass surrenders, loss of popular support and the recent neutralization of top leaders.

“We are confident that through the Regional Task Force to End Local Communist Armed Conflict, Southern Tagalog will be insurgency free before the end of President Duterte’s term thereby making prosperity a way of life in this part of the country”, ended MGen Burgos.

The military are expecting more surrenders from the white area after receiving feelers from known left-leaning labor organizers.

The name of the personality who surrendered is being withheld as part of security protocol to prevent possible coercive actions from the NPAs. He is currently undergoing debriefing as preliminary action to his enrolment to the government’s Enhanced Comprehensive Local Integration Program.

[Kalinaw News is the official online source of information on the pursuit for peace in the Philippines This website is a property of the Civil-Military Operations Regiment, Philippine Army located at Lawton Avenue, Fort Bonifacio, Taguig City. Contact us: kalinawnews@cmoregiment.com]

https://www.kalinawnews.com/labor-organizer-turns-over-two-firearms-admits-npa-membership/

CPP: Demand complete abrogation of VFA and all unequal military treaties

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Propaganda statement posted to the Communist Party of the Philippines (CPP) Website (Mar 11, 2020): Demand complete abrogation of VFA and all unequal military treaties



With the recent action of the Duterte regime informing the US government of its intention to terminate the Visiting Forces Agreement (VFA), it is incumbent on the Filipino people to press for the complete abrogation of the treaty and other demands in line with upholding national sovereignty.

The act of signing the notice of termination last February 11 corresponds to the long-standing demand of the Filipino people to end the VFA. This, however, is only the first step. Thus, it has become urgent for them to unite, raise their collective voices in order to see the end of the oppressive treaty.

In the next 180 days, or until the termination of the VFA completely takes effect, the Filipino people must:
  1. firmly oppose any move to take back the notice of termination, renegotiate the treaty, or negotiate a new agreement that allows US military forces to maintain permanent presence in the country;
  2. demand that all US military vessels in the country be subjected to inspection to ensure that these do not carry nuclear weapons;
  3. demand that all US military personnel who committed crimes in the country and who have been convicted by local courts, but who remain under US custody because of the VFA, be remanded to Philippine jails and place under Philippine jurisdiction;
  4. demand the cancellation of the Balikatan 2020 war games and all other military exercises (319 slated for 2020) conducted by US military forces under VFA terms;
  5. demand the scrapping of the 1951 Mutual Defense Treaty and the 2015 Enhanced Defense Cooperation Agreement;
  6. call for an end to the Operation Pacific Eagle-Philippines under which the US military has heightened military interventionism in the country in the guise of “anti-terrorism;”
  7. call for the dismantling of all US military facilities established prior to and under EDCA including those at the Lumbia Airport (Cagayan de Oro), Antonio Bautista Air Base (Palawan), Basa Air Base (Pampanga), Fort Magsaysay (Nueva Ecija), Benito Ebuen Air Base (Mactan, Cebu), Camp Navarro (Zamboanga City), Camp Ranao (Marawi City) and PNP Academy (Cavite);
  8. demand the withdrawal of all US military forces stationed in the country and an end to their rotational presence;
  9. call for an end to the operation of US surveillance planes and drones, including those conducted by such private contractors as the Dyne Corporation; and
  10. call for an end to US military funding which supplies the Duterte regime with bombs, rockets and bullets that are used in armed suppression and perpetration of rights abuses.
The Filipino people demand the abrogation of the VFA and all other treaties because these give US military forces extraterritorial rights and almost unrestricted access to operate in the country. Military exercises conducted by the US military in the country are used to tighten its control over the AFP. It aims to use the local armed forces as an appendage in its effort to project US hegemonic power in the Asia-Pacific region.

The country’s military ties to the US are not a deterrent to, but rather a magnet that attracts the aggression of Chinese military forces and all other present and future enemies of the US. Bound to the US by these treaties, the Philippines could not exercise an independent foreign policy.

The AFP’s dependence on the US for military hardware, training and doctrinal orientation, is among the biggest stumbling block to attaining a just and lasting peace. Under US influence and control, counterinsurgency, has become the primordial concern of the AFP and the reactionary Philippine government instead of the defense of the country’s sovereignty. Indeed, counterinsurgency is big business for the US military-industrial capitalists.

The Filipino people are aware that Duterte has been citing all the wrong reasons for his public pronouncements surrounding his act of giving the US notice of terminating the VFA. His threats to end the treaty are hinged on self-serving political aims.

It is his response to overt political pressure by the US Senate which has criticized the detention of Duterte critic Sen. Leila de Lima. Duterte is crying “US interference” only because he does not want to be censured for not playing fair with the other pro-US political elite groups.

He has also publicly vented frustration over what he regards as insufficient military support for the AFP in its counterinsurgency drive. He is begging the US for more attack helicopters, armalites, bombs, fighter jets, drones and other war toys.

Duterte’s self-serving and myopic aims indicate that his act of serving notice to terminate the VFA are not geared towards ending more than half-a-century long neocolonial rule by the US imperialists. He will likely be easily placated. Or he can be made to straighten up by Trump or by his own pro-US military officers.

The patriotic Filipino people, however, will not be pacified in their demand to scrap the VFA and other lopsided military treaties with the US. They will resiliently advance their struggle to end US imperialist oppression and achieve genuine national freedom.

https://cpp.ph/2020/03/11/demand-complete-abrogation-of-vfa-and-all-unequal-military-treaties/

CPP/NDF-Jose Maria Sison: On Duterte’s order to end the people’s war before the end of his brutal rule in 2020

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NDF-Jose Maria Sison propaganda statement posted to the Communist Party of the Philippines (CPP) Website (Mar 11, 2020): On Duterte’s order to end the people’s war before the end of his brutal rule in 2020

JOSE MARIA SISON
CHIEF POLITICAL CONSULTANT
NATIONAL DEMOCRATIC FRONT OF THE PHILIPPINES



There can be no end to the new democratic revolution through protracted people’s war in the Philippines so long as the Filipino people are plagued by imperialism, feudalism and bureaucrat capitalism.

As in the time of the Marcos fascist dictatorship, the state terrorism now under the Duterte regime incites the broad masses of the people to wage armed revolution because of extreme oppression and exploitation.

Duterte has completely failed to accomplish his yearly and constant order to his armed minions destroy the revolutionary movement of the people for national and social liberation. He will fail again and again.

Calling on his armed minions to destroy the revolutionary movement before the end of his 2022 is the latest admission of Duterte that he has failed to destroy the revolutionary movement. His term will surely end before he can end the revolutionary movement.

Duterte is serving notice to the people that he does not want a just peace by addressing the roots of the armed through negotiations with the National Democratic Front of the Philippines.
He is unwittingly confirming the justness of the revolutionary cause of the people.

Duterte has emerged as the worst president that the semicolonial and semifeudal ruling system has ever produced. In so short a time, much shorter than that of Marcos, he has accomplished the mass murder of more than 30,000 people without due process.

He will go do down in history as a butcher and foul-mouthed ruffian who knows nothing but to kill people and intimidate them. He is unwittingly but truly an excellent recruiter of the armed revolution. Because of his barbarism, more people are joining the armed revolution.

https://cpp.ph/statement/on-dutertes-order-to-end-the-peoples-war-before-the-end-of-his-brutal-rule-in-2020/

Can ex-NPA chair Salas follow Enrile doctrine of bail on humanitarian grounds?

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From Rappler (Mar 12, 2020): Can ex-NPA chair Salas follow Enrile doctrine of bail on humanitarian grounds?

'How about the 15 who were massacred? How about their relatives? They have waited for justice for so long,' says Solicitor General Jose Calida



HABEAS CORPUS. Ex-CPP and NPA chairman Rodolfo Salas is brought to the Supreme Court on March 12, 2020. Photo by Rappler

Can the doctrine set by the Supreme Court in granting bail on humanitarian grounds be applied to an elderly former communist rebel who is accused of massacre?

This was raised on Thursday, March 12, during the Supreme Court oral arguments on the petition for writ of habeas corpus to free former Communist Party of the Philippines (CPP) chairman and New People's Army (NPA) chief Rodolfo Salas, more popularly known as Kumander Bilog.

He is 72.

"Would you not consider availing of the doctrine in Enrile?" Associate Justice Alexander Gesmundo asked Salas' lawyer Arno Sanidad of the Free Legal Assistance Group (FLAG).

The doctrine refers to the 2015 decision of the Supreme Court, where the justices voted 8-4 to grant former senator Juan Ponce Enrile bail due to humanitarian grounds. Enrile was 91 at the time he was jailed for plunder over the pork barrel scam.

Former first lady Imelda Marcos was also able to use the Enrile doctrine to her advantage, as the Sandiganbayan allowed her to enjoy post-conviction bail because of old age.

"That is one we would like to ask too your honor. But basically considering that the closest basis for his bail would be the very case of Ocampo... [and] this Honorable Court granted bail to Ocampo," said Sanidad.

Sanidad was referring to former Bayan Muna representative Satur Ocampo, who was also charged alongside Salas over the 2006 discovery of a mass grave in Inopacan, Leyte, where supposed victims of an alleged purge of communists were buried. The case has been pending for 12 years.

In September 2019, a court ordered Salas arrested over this crime, as the government intensified its crackdown on the Left. He was captured last February 18 in Angeles City.

Asked whether he would object if ever Salas invoked the Enrile humanitarian grounds doctrine, Solicitor General Jose Calida told Gesmundo: "I will cross the bridge when I see it."

Associate Justice Rosmari Carandang repeated the question when it was her turn to interpellate.

"It is up to this court to decide if he should be given bail, but if you read our sentiments, how about the 15 who were massacred? How about their relatives? They have waited for justice for so long. There should be balancing here of sentiments," Calida said.

Political offense doctrine

Ocampo was granted bail by the Supreme Court in 2007 after arguing that the alleged Leyte massacre is covered by the crime of rebellion, citing the political offense doctrine.

Political offense doctrine states that crimes like murder, if committed in furtherance of the rebellion, should be absorbed by the crime of rebellion.

It is Sanidad's and FLAG's position that like Ocampo, Salas must also be protected by that doctrine.

Salas had already served time for rebellion after his arrest in 1987. In 1991, he struck a compromise agreement with the Cory Aquino government, which protected him from prosecution of "any common crime allegedly committed in furtherance of rebellion or subversion." He was released in 1992.

FLAG said the Leyte murders fall under the "any common crime" that Salas is protected from.

Associate Justice Marvic Leonen pointed out later the dissents in the Enrile decision, saying there was a dissenting opinion that cast doubt on Enrile's health conditions.

"There was a strong dissent, a very cogent dissent," said Leonen, referring to his own dissenting opinion.

In that opinion, Leonen wrote: "Until the end of [Enrile's] term on June 30, 2016, he actively and publicly participated in the affairs of the Senate.The majority maintains that his release on humanitarian grounds due to his frail health still stands." This is a contradiction I cannot accept."

"This court can take public knowledge and judicial notice how cramped the Manila City jail is, he's placed now in a 3 by 1 and a half foot bed, with 3 or 4 others beside him," said Sanidad.

The oral arguments finished past 12pm. Parties must submit memoranda within a non-extendible period of 5 days after which the decision is submitted for decision.

Salas is scheduled to be arraigned before the Manila Regional Trial Court on March 17.

https://www.rappler.com/nation/254233-can-ex-npa-chairperson-salas-follow-enrile-doctrine-bail-humanitarian-reasons

Gov’t troops seize NPA camp in Masbate

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From the Manila Bulletin (Mar 11, 2020): Gov’t troops seize NPA camp in Masbate (By Nino Luces)

CAMP ELIAS ANGELES, Pili, Camarines Sur – Government troops have seized four huts believed to be a camp of New Peoples’ Army (NPA) rebels in the remote village of Milagros town, Masbate province on Monday.

Army Captain John Paul Belleza, Ninth Infantry Division (9ID) spokesperson, said that troops of the Second Infantry Battalion (2IB) and Masbate Police Provincial Office (PPO)
discovered the abandoned camp in Sitio Little Baguio, Barangay San Antonio while conducting security operations.

Recovered from the site were 336 rounds of live ammunition for M16 rifle, two radios, medical equipment and supplies, printer, anti-personnel mine (APM) switch, personal belongings, and subversive documents.


“Joint Task Force Bicolandia (JTFB) under Major General Fernando T Trinidad directed the troops to intensify the security measures in the area to stop the violence and atrocities of NPA members in different communities. Gen. Trinidad reminded the public to be wary of the rebel’s illegal activities and recruitment scheme. He also asked for continuous cooperation and support in the government’s campaign in attaining lasting peace in Bicol region,” Belleza said.

Communist rebels destroy private property in Zamboanga del Sur

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From the Manila Bulletin (Mar 11, 2020): Communist rebels destroy private property in Zamboanga del Sur (By Bonita Ermac)

New People’s Army (NPA) terrorists allegedly destroyed vehicles and equipment of a private contractor in Barangay Lower Liason in Tambulig, Zamboanga del Sur last Monday.



Photo via Bonita Ermac

According to Maj. Gen. Gene Ponio, the 1st Infantry Division and Joint Task Force Zampelan (Zamboanga Peninsula and Lanao Provinces), the terrorists, numbering about 10, destroyed a bulldozer, two backhoes and a water tanked owned by CODP Construction at around 8:45 p.m.

Ponio said pursuit operations are ongoing to apprehend the perpetrators of the crime.

He also condemned the terrorist group and reminded the populace and contractors to report any threats or intimidations in their communities.

“The command remains optimistic in neutralizing the terrorist group despite this incident”, said Ponio.

“We will be relentless and pursue the perpetrator who continuously hamper the peace and development of the communities in our area of responsibility”, added Ponio.

2 NPA rebels slain, gov’t soldier wounded in Samar firefight

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From the Philippine Daily Inquirer (Mar 12, 2020): 2 NPA rebels slain, gov’t soldier wounded in Samar firefight (By Joey Gabieta, Robert Dejon)

Two members of the New People’s Army (NPA) were killed, while a government soldier was wounded during a firefight in Pinabacdao town, Samar province on Wednesday, March 11.

Based on the report of the Pinabacdao Municipal Police Station, about 20 soldiers led by Lieutenant Benver Espiritu were conducting an operation at Barangay Canlobo at 8:15 a.m. when they saw about 10 rebels.


This led to a gunfight that lasted more than 10 minutes.

Around 5 p.m., the dead bodies of the rebels were still at Canlobo, the farthest village of Pinabacdao.

Among those recovered from the fleeing rebels were one M-16 rifle, solar panel, mobile phones, and a backpack.

https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1240151/2-npa-rebels-slain-govt-soldier-wounded-in-samar-firefight

Army won’t identify labor leader, but says he proves link between unions, NPA

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From the Philippine Daily Inquirer (Mar 12, 2020): Army won’t identify labor leader, but says he proves link between unions, NPA (By: Delfin T. Mallari Jr.)

The military claimed on Thursday (March 12) finding what Army officers said was yet another link between leftwing labor groups and communist rebels operating underground.

Capt. Jayrald Ternio, public affairs office chief of the Army’s 2nd Infantry Division, said a leftist labor organizer had surrendered to the military, confessing his membership in New People’s Army (NPA), the armed wing of Communist Party of the Philippines (CPP).

The labor leader, Ternio said in a press release, confessed to being with the NPA and surrendered two guns—a .48 caliber and a shotgun—to government forces in Sta. Rosa City, Laguna province on Wednesday (March 11).


Ternio quoted the labor leader, who was not identified, as saying that some unions in Southern Tagalog had been infiltrated by NPA “with the intention of sowing and exploiting alleged labor issues.”

Ternio said the labor leader’s identity is being kept secret as a security measure.

Col. Alex Rillera, head of the Army’s 202nd Infantry Brigade, said the labor leader’s surrender showed “another link” between some labor groups and NPA.

Rillera said the military was expecting more rebels to surrender after it received “feelers” from several labor leaders.

DSWD extends P137.6 million cash aid to former MILF combatants

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From the Manila Bulletin (Mar 11, 2020): DSWD extends P137.6 million cash aid to former MILF combatants (By Charissa Luci-Atienza)

The Department of Social Welfare and Development (DSWD) has extended P137.6 million in cash assistance to more than 1,300 decommissioned former combatants of the Moro Islamic Liberation Front (MILF).

In a statement, the DSWD said
1,376 former MILF combatants received the financial assistance in a payout event in Sultan Kudarat, Maguindanao on Feb. 21.

“The payout was the second phase of decommissioning activities where the Department distributed P80,000 each to the former combatants under the Bangsamoro Transitory Family Support Package (BTFSP) and P20,000 each through the Livelihood Settlement Grant (LSG),” t
he DSWD said.


It explained the beneficiaries may use the BTFSP aid “for their basics needs based on priorities such as for food, family, hygiene, sleeping, kitchen and shelter kits, medical, educational, and transportation, among others.”

The LSG may be used as seed capital to start a micro-enterprise or to purchase starter kits for the re-establishment of damaged livelihoods, it added.

Gracing the Feb. 21 payout event were representatives from the Office of the Presidential Adviser on the Peace Process (OPAPP) and the Independent Decommissioning Body created by the Philippine government and the MILF.

The DSWD noted that some 12,000 MILF fighters will be decommissioned this year and that the rest of the payouts will be made “between 2021 and 2022.”

The BTFSP and LSG are part of the socio-economic program component provided for under Executive Order (EO) No. 79 signed in March 2019.

The EO 79 focuses on the normalization track of the Comprehensive Agreement on Bangsamoro (CAB), the final peace agreement signed between the government and the MILF. It seeks to reintegrate decommissioned MILF combatants into mainstream society through the provision of livelihood and other appropriate programs and services.

The first phase of decommissioning involving 1,190 ex-combatants was held in September last year in Simuay, Sultan Kudarat, Maguindanao, with President Duterte and some of his Cabinet secretaries witnessing the event.

Integrate MILF, MNLF forces to PNP, AFP now—‘Bato’

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From the Manila Standard (Mar 12, 2020): Integrate MILF, MNLF forces to PNP, AFP now—‘Bato’ (By Macon Ramos-Araneta)

Senator Ronald ‘Bato’ dela Rosa wants to hasten the integration of the Moro Islamic Liberation Front and Moro National Liberation Front personnel to the Philippine National Police and the Armed Forces of the Philippines to boost the government’s efforts to attain lasting peace and development across the country, especially in the BARMM area.

During the hearing of the Senate Committee on Local Government to discuss the updates of the implementation of the Bangsamoro Organic Law, Dela Rosa urged Office of the Presidential Adviser for Peace Process Secretary Carlito Galvez to speed up the provision of guidelines [thru NaPolCom] and the integration process of the MILF and MNLF to the PNP and AFP.

He said he believes that the competence of MILF and MNLF forces could help the country’s soldiers and policemen in maintaining peace and order in the land.

The former national police chief validated with Secretary Galvez, former AFP Chief of Staff and currently the OPAPP secretary, the reports that the latter got from the ground during his stint as PNP Chief that the MILF and MNLF are snappy and very qualified to be members of the PNP and AFP.

“Sir I personally saw their [MILF / MNLF] behavior and you are really correct sir, some of those or many of those are really qualified to become members of the Armed Forces and the PNP,” Galvez said.

Galvez added that some of the MILF and MNLF combatants had already undergone training under the Joint Peace and Security Teams of the Annex of Normalization included in the BOL.

https://manilastandard.net/news/national/319439/integrate-milf-mnlf-forces-to-pnp-afp-now-bato-.html

Probably not 3,000, but Chinese agents are around us – intel experts

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From Rappler (Mar 11, 2020): Probably not 3,000, but Chinese agents are around us – intel experts

(UPDATED) Are there undercover Chinese military agents among POGO workers entering the country? Military and intelligence community sources say they've been here all along.



CHINA RISING. This photo taken on September 15, 2019 shows people singing a patriotic song during an event in Hangzhou in China's eastern Zhejiang province, to celebrate the 70th year of the founding of the People's Republic of China. File photo from Agence France-Presse

(UPDATED) – Countries spy on other countries. They just differ in depth, breadth, competence of their intelligence network, and security needs.

And there's such a thing as counterintelligence: detecting, disrupting, and if possible, blocking intelligence operations of other entities or countries. In short, spying on spies.

The Philippines had robust counterintelligence operations against Chinese intelligence from 2010 to 2016 – during the administration of former president Benigno “Noynoy” Aquino III – said a veteran member of the intelligence community who spoke on condition of anonymity due to the sensitive nature of his work.

“It was very active then because those were the marching orders,” and the intel community was “very keen” on Chinese moves in the Philippines at the time, he said.

The Aquino government was then building an international arbitration case to refute China’s overreaching sovereignty claims in the West Philippine Sea, and the stakes were very high. China was not only about to lose its territorial claims, it was also about to face international embarrassment in case the Philippines won, which it did in July 2016.

One thing Filipino counterintelligence agents discovered at the time was an increase in the number of Chinese embassy staff registering with the Department of Foreign Affairs. It was an indication of China’s growing interests in the Philippines, which, as shown elsewhere in the world, would be aided by intelligence.

After all, China runs an aggressive, global intelligence program that includes state-owned and controlled companies, which are mandated to gather intelligence for the government.

Several people, same ID
During the Aquino administration, for example, the Filipino intelligence community noticed a sudden increase in the number of Chinese media workers – reporters, camera operators, producers, assistants – coming to the Philippines and applying for accreditation among government agencies’ media pools.

It’s important to note that all major mainland Chinese media outlets are state-owned and controlled. China is an authoritarian state and it hardly has any independent media outfits.

What baffled Filipino counterintelligence agents then was how the local Chinese media bureaus, in some instances, sent different persons to press conferences or event coverages using the same media ID card. Apparently, someone else had applied for that accreditation and the ID card got passed on afterwards, the intelligence source added.

But that’s not how foreign media bureaus usually behave. Correspondents and their teams stay in a country for a considerable amount of time, often several years, before they get rotated. In fact, many foreign newsrooms hire Filipinos as their correspondents in the Philippines. To be sure, they don’t take their predecessor’s ID and assume their identity.

“How come the Chinese media had someone else every time? We thought that was strange,” the source said. “There’s even more of them now kasi wala masyadong nagbabantay (because there’s no one really watching),” he added, referring to the situation under President Rodrigo Duterte.

A senior military officer confirmed this, saying he noticed in 2019 an increase in the number of Chinese media personnel attending social events of the Armed Forces of the Philippines – events that are not necessarily for news coverage.

These incidents have prompted government agencies, especially the military, to set stricter rules on media coverage and accreditation.

The military officer said it is indeed possible that Chinese agents could use their media as cover for their activities.

"That’s why it’s important that media also police themselves. Cannot be government since it may infringe on press freedom. Media groups such as the Defense Press Corps, FOCAP (Foreign Correspondents Association of the Philippines), and others should check their members, and if possible, make reports on such suspicious media as a basis for further investigation. And also to be careful in accreditation [of foreign media applying for membership]," the officer told Rappler.

Vetting process

In principle, government agencies only allow foreign media personnel who are FOCAP members to cover their events.

“FOCAP requires media members to comply with Philippine laws and the Constitution, including in its membership application forms which applicants must sign. It’s state function to ferret out foreign spies and deal with them but accusing anybody, including journalists, of espionage without strong evidence has serious security and work implications,” the group said in a statement in response to this article.

Besides FOCAP membership, the government also requires foreign journalists to register with the International Press Center (IPC), especially for access to events attended by the Philippine president.

The IPC requires all its members to renew their registration every year.

The IPC is supervised by the Presidential Communications Operations Office, currently headed by Secretary Martin Andanar.

Permanent visas

Yet other agents are in it for the long haul.

There have been mainland Chinese who, since long ago, moved to the Philippines, settled here, started families and businesses, built lives, sent their children to prestigious schools, and raised them to be like Filipinos. Yet they still act on Chinese interests.

“They have permanent visas, their kids study here, they befriend military officers and political personalities, and report back to China,” the veteran intelligence operative said.

The goal of these agents is not so much to fish for tactical information for use in warfare – the Philippines and China have never been at war – but to get a full grasp of how things really work and where the power lies in Filipino society, and then use that information to help China push its interests.

Other countries, especially the US, have been able to ferret out such agents from their midst.

The following are just 3 of many examples from reports by reputable sources available online.

  • In September 2019, the US charged Xuehua "Edward" Peng, a Chinese-born naturalized American citizen working as a tour guide in San Francisco, with acting as an illegal agent. He had allegedly been passing classified information to China's Ministry of State Security through coded messages, dead drops, and even personally delivered items to his handlers in China.
  • In November 2008, Silicon Valley engineers Fei Ye and Ming Zhong, were sentenced to prison for stealing chip designs and attempting to smuggle them back to their native China. Both men were permanent US residents.
  • In Singapore in August 2017, Chinese-American university professor Huang Jing was stripped of his permanent residency in the city-state for collaborating with another country's intelligence agents to advance that country's interests. Singapore never specified which country it thought Huang was working for, but the academic was known for advocating China-friendly views, and had written articles for Chinese state-run media. Permanently banned from Singapore, Huang in 2019 wound up working in a university in Beijing.
Where’s the oil?

In peacetime, the goal of international intelligence-gathering is largely economic, and powerful, wealthy countries are drawn to emerging economies that hold lucrative prospects like the Philippines.

“Most [foreign] intelligence is focused on economic intelligence – how to get that trade advantage or score infrastructure contracts,” especially in the case of Chinese in the Philippines, the source explained.

“China’s so-called ‘invasion’ is ultimately for economic reasons, not just physical expansion. ‘Saan may oil sa Pilipinas (Where is there oil in the Philippines)? How can we extract it? Who holds the rights? Because we can take over,’” he added, explaining his sense of China’s thinking in gathering intelligence on the Philippines, a view he shares with former Supreme Court Senior Associate Justice Antonio Carpio.

Why do the Philippines, China, and several other countries so vehemently stake sovereignty claims in the South China Sea? The reasons are ultimately economic. Aside from its value in fisheries and as a major shipping lane, the seabed is estimated to contain about 11 billion barrels of oil and 190 trillion cubic feet of natural gas.

Much of those reserves, according to the United States Energy Information Administration, is in Recto (Reed) Bank, which lies within the Philippines' exclusive economic zone in the West Philippine Sea (South China Sea).

The Duterte administration broached the idea of jointly exploring – and exploiting – the West Philippine Sea with China, which Carpio opposed. "Why do you want to share what’s exclusively yours?" Carpio said in July 2016.

Then in November 2018, the Philippines and China came to a preliminary understanding on their intention to drill and extract oil from Recto Bank – that it would be through existing third party service contracts with private companies, which recognize Philippine sovereignty over the area.

It effectively resolves the sovereignty dispute, at least over Recto Bank, in favor of the Philippines, Carpio said. Surprisingly, China appears to be agreeable to that – as long as it gets its 40% share in revenues.

Here, economic interest trumps the political.

Maybe not 3,000

The word is “co-opt.”

In analyzing the partly Chinese-owned Dito Telecommunity’s deal with the Armed Forces of the Philippines (AFP) to put up cell sites inside military bases, former National Security Council consultant Jose Antonio Custodio told Rappler that the bigger payoff for China in planting eyes and ears in AFP camps, beyond cracking an operational secret or two, would be knowing which officers could be tapped– lured, manipulated, coerced – to do its bidding.

What China could be after, then, is to co-opt influential Filipinos. And nowadays, it could be done with a combination of boots on the ground and well-placed cyber connections.

Which is why both intelligence and military sources believe Senator Panfilo Lacson’s raw report that 2,000 to 3,000 members of the People’s Liberation Army – China’s military – are in the Philippines on “immersion” is likely true. Given China's access to technology, it doesn’t take that many people to get the job done.

Lacson himself acknowledged that the report was unverified.

It does, however, point to a reality often overlooked in the conversation about national security, especially in light of burgeoning ties with China. For sure, China has agents working behind the scenes to further its interests, said the intel veteran and another military source. It’s been observed in the past, and there's no reason it wouldn’t be the case now.

So 3,000 is a bit much for an operation that must remain covert and not call attention to itself – but zero is out of the question.

Online casino dealers

Let's just look at the Philippines' new visitors from China since 2019.

Some 538,000 people from mainland China entered the Philippines from December 2019 to February 2020, Bureau of Immigration chief Jaime Morente told a Senate hearing on March 6.

That number excludes the minimum 1.8 million Chinese who have been to the Philippines before December 2019. Legal or otherwise, many were bound for jobs in Philippine offshore gaming operators (POGO)– cyber casinos – that cater to a Chinese clientele.

Gambling is illegal in China, which itself had urged the Philippine government to ban POGOs, but President Rodrigo Duterte said the Philippines could use the money being made from them.

Tax compliance issues of POGOs aside, Senate investigations have unearthed a slew of organized criminal activities that surround these online casinos and their workers: kidnapping, human trafficking, prostitution, bribery, and cash smuggling to the tune of billions of pesos.

Senator Richard Gordon told the Inquirer he worries the Chinese may be using the money to fund a “fifth column,” or an operation of undercover agents working for Chinese interests.

In one of the earlier televised Senate probes on POGOs, a Taiwanese woman rescued from a POGO revealed that a certain Michael Yang was the industry’s protector in the Philippines.

Duterte once had an economic adviser named Michael Yang, but it is unclear whether this is the same person named by the Taiwanese witness.

For residents of the Multinational Village subdivision in Parañaque, the sheer number of young, able-bodied POGO workers moving into their neighborhood is troubling. That the opening of a firing range beside their clubhouse coincided with the arrival of foreigners led them to ask: are their new neighbors really just online casino dealers?

“Baka (Might be) military,” one of the residents said in a video Gordon presented to the panel on Thursday.

‘Immersion’

This scenario – the creeping invasion – is what’s called “immersion,” the term Lacson used to refer to the alleged mission of the supposed 2,000 to 3,000 PLA undercover agents.

The last time Filipinos witnessed a military immersion mission was right before World War II. The Kempeitai military police of the Japanese Imperial Army came to the Philippines disguised as immigrants, and set up shop as merchants or sought jobs as laborers. When the appointed time came, they donned their uniforms and carried out the Japanese invasion of the Philippines that began on December 8, 1941, after the bombing of Pearl Harbor in Hawaii.

Can this happen again with the Chinese? The veteran intel source doubts it.

“The government now is very friendly to China. Ba’t pa magi-invade (Why invade)?” he said.

The fears of the Multinational Village residents are not unfounded. After all, many young Chinese men and women do enlist in the military because pay is good, then they leave and move on to other jobs, the intel source said.

Of the million-plus Chinese POGO workers in the Philippines now, chances are some of them had once been with the PLA, the source added. This may explain how two Chinese murder suspects arrested by police in Makati on February 27 were found to have PLA ID cards on them.

The question would be whether they remain in active service, and that’s something Philippine authorities ought to find out, said the source.

Uncertain times
If the Philippine intelligence community churns out fewer reports of Chinese intelligence activities nowadays compared to the previous Aquino administration, it’s not necessarily because there aren’t any.

If you don’t run counterintelligence operations, then you can’t expect to learn about intelligence operations being done on you, the source said.

Under Duterte, the intelligence agencies are under a different set of marching orders from their commander-in-chief who's a friend of China in the truest sense of the word.

https://www.rappler.com/newsbreak/in-depth/253616-intelligence-say-chinese-agents-around-philippines

Youth warned against joining ‘immersion’ activities offered by Leftist groups

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From the Manila Bulletin (Mar 11, 2020): Youth warned against joining ‘immersion’ activities offered by Leftist groups (By Freddie Lazaro)

VIGAN CITY, Ilocos Sur – A high ranking army official in Northern Luzon has warned the youth, particularly high school and college students, not to join so-called ‘immersion” activities being offered by front organizations of the Communist Party of the Philippines (CPP).



Major General Lenard T. Agustin (7th Infantry Division / MANILA BULLETIN)

Major General Lenard T. Agustin, commander of the Army’s Seventh Infantry Division, said that many ‘immersion’ activities are expected to be launched by New Peopple’s Army (NPA) rebels, through Communist front organizations CFOs), to lure new recruits to be brainwashed, and later forced to join their armed struggle.
“These kinds of activities are organized every summer by Communist terrorist masterminds, especially that the NPA’s foundation anniversary on March 29 is only few days away,” said Agustin.

Instead of joining these activities, Agustin encouraged the students to focus their time and energy to look for summer jobs, involve themselves in sports, join humanitarian and church activities or help their parents in doing house chores to bond with their respective families.

Agustin also called on the parents to monitor the activities of their children this summer.

“Parents should also be aware of these kinds of so-called immersion activities of CFOs that would lead their children to the destructive arm of communist terrorist groups (CTGs). Joining these groups is a waste of time, and destroys bright future of youths and students. If you love your children, please do your part and protect them against the cunning ways of these communist front organizations,” said Agustin.

NPA fighter killed in clash with SAF

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From Tempo (Mar 10, 2020): NPA fighter killed in clash with SAF

CAMP COL. RAFAEL C. RODRIGUEZ, Butuan City – Members of the Philippine National Police (PNP) Special Action Force (SAF), who were on a test mission, clashed with New People’s Army (NPA) fighters that resulted in the death of a rebel and wounding of scores of others in a far-flung area in Agusan del Sur on Sunday, police reported Tuesday.

As of this writing, more combat troops were deployed to beef up the pursuing forces of SAF in Esperanza town, Agusan del Sur province.

The SAF commandos were conducting operations at the boundaries of Barangay Balobo and Barangay Agsabo when they chanced upon the rebels belonging to the CPP-NPA North Central Mindanao Regional Committee.


Maj. Renel E. Serrano, chief of the Regional Public Information Office (RPIO) of Caraga Police Regional Office 13 (PRO 13), said the firefight lasted for almost 10 minutes, afterwhich the enemy withdrew towards southeast direction of Balobo and Agsabo.

There were no casualties on the government side.

Seized in the encounter site were one sack containing bomb-making materials and live ammunition.

http://tempo.com.ph/2020/03/10/npa-fighter-killed-in-clash-with-saf-2/

Suspected NPA rebel arrested in Masbate

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From the Philippine Daily Inquirer (Mar 12, 2020): Suspected NPA rebel arrested in Masbate
(By Ma. April Mier-Manjares) 

A suspected New People’s Army (NPA) rebel was arrested for possession of unlicensed firearms and explosives in Milagros, Masbate on Tuesday afternoon.

The Masbate police said that
Julian Ceniza Jr., 43, was arrested inside the residence of the reported leader of the group identified as “Ka Gemo” in Barangay San Carlos at around 5 p.m.


Law enforcement authorities were informed by a concerned citizen of the presence of suspected rebels in the area.

Recovered from Ceniza were two improvised explosive devices (IED), IED switch, various ammunition, two handheld two – way radio units, a laptop battery, printer and several documents.

https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1239743/suspected-npa-rebel-arrested-in-masbate

MOA for implementation of P505-M PANAMA projects signed

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From the Philippine News Agency (Mar 12, 2020): MOA for implementation of P505-M PANAMA projects signed



TRIPARTITE AGREEMENT. Interior and Local Government Secretary Eduardo Año, Defense Secretary Delfin Lorenzana, and Presidential Peace Adviser Carlito G. Galvez Jr. sign a tripartite memorandum of agreement (MOA) at Camp Aguinaldo, Quezon City on March 10, 2020. The MOA will be used for the transparent implementation of 643 projects under the PAMANA Program throughout the country. (Photo courtesy of OPAPP)

CAMP AGUINALDO, Quezon City – The Department of National Defense (DND), Department of the Interior and Local Government (DILG) and Office of the Presidential Adviser on the Peace Process (OPAPP) signed a Memorandum of Agreement (MOA) to jointly implement 643 high-impact peace and development projects across the country under the PAyapa at MAsaganang PamayaNAn (PAMANA) program.

During the signing of the agreement on Tuesday, Defense Secretary Delfin Lorenzana, Interior and Local Government Secretary Eduardo Año, and Presidential Peace Adviser Carlito G. Galvez Jr. vowed to implement the PHP505.3 million worth of PAMANA projects with “utmost accountability and transparency.”

The PAMANA program is in line with the national government’s “whole-of-nation approach” to end local communist armed, as embodied in Executive Order 70 signed by President Rodrigo Roa Duterte in 2018.

PAMANA projects for FY 2020 include 247 water supply systems, 157 livelihood programs, 111 community infrastructure, 66 rural electrification systems, 34 agricultural support initiatives, 26 capacity-building interventions, and two agri-fishery enterprises to be carried out in remote and conflict-affected areas.

Undersecretary Isidro L. Purisima, the OPAPP deputy presidential adviser for operations, underscored the importance of PAMANA projects in addressing the roots of the decades-long communist rebellion.

“The program enables national line agencies and local government units to work together in order to deliver conflict-sensitive and peace-promoting (CSPP) projects to communities that have been left in the fringes of development,” Purisima said.

A new era of governance

For some time, the nationwide implementation of PAMANA projects was temporarily suspended due to allegations of corruption linked to the previous administrators of the program.

“There was a time that these PAMANA funds were actually used in politics, some were still unaccounted for. So that is what we call deprivation of services to our people,” Año said.


Interior and Local Government Secretary Eduardo Año, Defense Secretary Delfin Lorenzana, and Presidential Peace Adviser Carlito G. Galvez Jr. showed a tripartite memorandum of agreement for the implementation of the PAMANA projects. (Photo courtesy of OPAPP)

He cited the situation in remote, conflict-affected areas, which explains the reason why many village folk, particularly those in the hinterlands, are being exploited by the Communist Party of the Philippines - New People’s Army (CPP-NPA).

“For the longest time, communities riddled with issues like poverty, injustice and bad governance were led to believe that government, which should be serving the people, are non-existent, and that progress can only be achieved through armed struggle,” Año said.

He said recruitment strategies by the CPP-NPA-National Democratic Front (NDF) “will soon fray, because now, even far-flung, poverty-stricken and vulnerable areas will have access to basic public services.”

Partners for peace

Under the MOA signed by the agencies, OPAPP shall provide resources and technical assistance, among others, to DILG and DND during the implementation of the PAMANA projects for this year (2020).

Based on the General Appropriations Act for 2020, PAMANA projects will be implemented by local government units (LGUs), while the DND, through the Armed Forces of the Philippines, will monitor and supervise the implementation of the projects together with OPAPP and DILG project management teams.

The DILG shall help OPAPP oversee, monitor and validate the implementation of PAMANA projects while ensuring the active participation of local chief executives, DILG field offices, and other community stakeholders.

“The DILG commits to ensuring the full support of our LGUs, led by our local chief executives, in this harmony-establishing endeavor,” Año said.

Based on the provisions of the MOA, the DND, through the Armed Forces of the Philippines, shall undertake PAMANA projects in critical areas where the security of the project is a major issue. In such situations, the AFP's Engineering Unit shall take over project implementation in close consultation and in coordination with OPAPP and LGUs. The AFP shall also conduct social preparation activities and other humanitarian efforts in the beneficiary barangays.

Lorenzana pledged that under his watch, together with Año and Galvez, PAMANA funds shall be utilized efficiently, with integrity, and in accordance with the principles of good governance.

“With the tripartite MOA we have signed today, binding the OPAPP, the DILG and the DND to effectively implement PAMANA projects for this year and the next, we are duty-bound to be prudent stewards of public funds,” Lorenzana said, as he stressed that the funds shall be accounted for up to the last centavo.

Meanwhile, Lorenzana also recognized that military interventions and community-level development initiatives should go hand-in-hand in order to effectively resolve the communist insurgency.

“Local armed conflicts cannot be addressed by military solution alone. Matagal na nating alam ‘yan. Hindi pwedeng bara-bara lang ito (We knew that already. We should do it very carefully),” Lorenzana said.

For his part, Galvez believes that PAMANA projects will enable last-mile communities to experience the dividends of economic progress while helping to ensure their safety and security.

“We believe that capacitating LGUs will create a domino effect, as better services translate into economic opportunities for the people. In short, they shall serve as examples that good things come to those who choose the path of peace,” Galvez said.

“With the presence of the Armed Forces of the Philippines, residents, especially in conflict-affected and conflict-vulnerable communities, shall be protected from lawless elements who seek to spread fear and violence,” he added.

With Lorenzana, Año, and Galvez at the helm of the PAMANA program, the implementation of projects are expected to be faster and easier, since the three have been closely working together, particularly during the five-month liberation Marawi City.

Galvez served under Lorenzana’s command as part of the 2nd Scout Ranger Battalion at the height of the communist insurgency in Davao City from 1986 to 1989.

PAMANA is a national government convergence program that provides much-needed development assistance such as infrastructure projects and livelihood packages to remote, conflict-affected communities across the country.

The program will largely complement the National Task Force to End Local Communist Armed Conflict’s localized peace engagements, the AFP's Community Support Program, and the DILG's Retooled Community Support Program being implemented at the municipal and barangay level, Galvez said.

Also present during the MoA signing were: AFP Chief of Staff Gen. Felimon T. Santos Jr.; DND Undersecretary for Civil, Veterans and Retiree Affairs and Task Force Balik Loob Head Reynaldo B. Mapagu; DND Undersecretary for Special Affairs Arnel M. Duco; DND Assistant Secretary for Plans and Programs Josue S. Gaverza, Jr.; DND Assistant Secretary for Plans and Programs Angelito M. de Leon; DILG Assistant Secretary for Plans and Programs Francisco R. Cruz; AFP Deputy Chief of Staff for Operations, Maj. Gen. Andres C. Centino, J3; AFP Deputy Chief of Staff for Civil-Military Operations, Maj. Gen. Edgardo Y. de Leon, J7; Deputy Presidential Adviser on the Peace Process for Finance and Administrative Services, OPAPP Undersecretary Arnulfo R. Pajarillo; OPAPP Assistant Secretary for Reconciliation and Unity and PAMANA National Program Manager Andres S. Aguinaldo, Jr.; OPAPP Assistant Secretary for Legal Affairs Agripino G. Javier; OPAPP Director for MNLF Concerns Department Jana Jill Gallardo; OPAPP Director for Localized Peace Engagements Department Maria Carla Munsayac-Villarta and OPAPP Director for RPM-P/RPA/ABB-TPG and CBA-CPLA Concerns Department Susan H. Marcaida. (OPAPP-PR)

Why America’s strategic presence will remain in the Philippines beyond the VFA

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From the Manila Standard (Mar 12, 2020): Why America’s strategic presence will remain in the Philippines beyond the VFA



By Rasti Delizo

THE GEOGRAPHICAL LOCATION of the Philippines on the world map permanently defines its inimitable strategic position and geopolitical role in relation to America’s overall foreign policy framework and agenda. This principally means that the recent abrogation of the 1998 RP-US Visiting Forces Agreement (VFA) by the current Duterte Regime will inevitably give way to a potential VFA-2, or another similar bilateral defense arrangement, in the future. Such a scenario is a near certainty given two complementary conditions which continually press upon our country. One is internal, while the other remains external to the Philippines.

A major internal factor is that the 1951 RP-US Mutual Defense Treaty (MDT) still prevails after nearly 70 years. Fundamentally, the MDT persists as the principal bilateral instrument which continues to operationally bind Manila to Washington’s external policy thrusts aimed toward this area of the globe. In fact, even after the Philippine Senate voted to abrogate the much earlier 1947 RP-US Military Bases Agreement (MBA) in September 1991, US military forces were still able to conduct joint training exercises with the Armed Forces of the Philippines (AFP) on Philippine soil. Indeed, this happened even prior to the VFA getting signed into existence!

Undeniably, the MDT is the chief pact which opened the door for the VFA’s entry into our diplomatic terrain less than a decade after the US military bases were shut down in the early 1990s. Yet, it is also critically important to remember that even without the VFA, Malacañang still continues to retain other dangerous spawn of the MDT — the 2002 RP-US Mutual Logistics Support Agreement (MLSA) and the 2014 RP-US Enhanced Defense Cooperation Agreement (EDCA). Ominously, the latter allows for US military forces to assert relatively wide operational control over at least five Philippine military bases across the country today, and almost three decades after the MBA was terminated.

This perturbing arrangement is a part of both countries’ joint obligations to further deepen the scope of the MDT’s bilateral defense objectives which were set in motion since the last century’s Cold War phase. Indeed, the Philippine state’s tactical sacrifice of the VFA is merely a ploy to keep the MDT-MLSA-EDCA cornerstone in place to help secure America’s so-called “freedom of navigation operations” across the wider Asia-Pacific region. Thus, the Duterte Regime’s silence on the three war instruments truly exposes his real intention to protect his own political flanks from any American retaliation by ensuring such leverage with Washington through Manila’s retention of the age-old “Mother Defense Treaty” (MDT) itself.

On the other hand, the principal external pressure bearing upon the Philippines is the overall direction of American foreign policy as outlined by the 2017 US National Security Strategy paper. As the world’s leading superpower, America identifies both China and Russia as its foremost long-term challenger-competitors, together with Iran and North Korea. From this perspective, Washington believes that it must always be in a position to constantly assert its dominant hegemonic might to secure and advance its strategic interests worldwide by keeping a commanding edge over its main rivals for access and maneuver across the global commons.

And to maintain a strategic advantage over its core competitors, America’s central task must be to “retain overmatch… to ensure that American military superiority endures” throughout the world. Accordingly, Washington’s latest military strategy to retain its global overmatch is now defined as the Joint Concept for Access and Maneuver in the Global Commons (JAM-GC) — the highly evolved version of the Pentagon’s earlier Air-Sea Battle Concept — aimed at overcoming the anti-access/area-denial (A2/AD) countermeasures of China and Russia.

Therefore, the critical role played by America’s EDCA bases will crucially shape US imperialism’s future interventions in the Philippines under the JAM-GC’s doctrinal guidance to ensure America’s global overmatch against China. Within this setting, it is vital for the Philippines to be held as a critical security link to guarantee Washington’s forward force projection posture within and beyond Southeast Asia. Hence, we should once again expect the US to protect its foreign policy imperatives by pressuring Malacañang into accepting a post-VFA arrangement in the coming period. And such a scenario is geopolitically inevitable as the Philippines is forcibly sucked into the intensifying vortex of the “Neo-US-Sino Cold War” that is already raging across the broader Asia-Pacific region at the present time.

[Rasti Delizo is an international affairs analyst. He used to work with the Presidential Management Staff-Office of the President as the Lead International Affairs Analyst and as the Deputy Executive Director of The Center for Strategic Studies. Delizo was also a foreign policy consultant to the Senate Committee on Foreign Relations, House Committee on Foreign Affairs, and the Department of Foreign Affairs. He is currently a Vice-President of the socialist labor center Bukluran ng Manggagawang Pilipino (BMP) and the National Coordinator of Laban ng Masa (LnM), a socialist political center.]

Gov't mechanism to probe, punish erring security personnel ‘largely ineffective’ — US report

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From the Philippine Star (Mar 12, 2020): Gov't mechanism to probe, punish erring security personnel ‘largely ineffective’ — US report (Gaea Katreena Cabico)


This file photo taken on May 9, 2018 shows Philippines and US marines taking position next to assault amphibious vehicles (AAV) as they simulate an amphibious landing as part of the annual joint military exercise at the beach of Philippine navy's training camp in San Antonio, Zambales province northwest of Manila.  AFP/Ted Aljibe

Mechanisms in place to investigate and punish abuse and corruption in the Philippine National Police and the Armed Forces of the Philippines remained mostly unsuccessful, the US Department of State said in its global rights report for 2019.

The 2019 Country Reports on Human Rights Practices released March 12 noted that Philippine laws provide criminal penalties for corruption by public officials as well as President Rodrigo's moves to fire officials over allegations of corruption.

"But the government did not implement these laws effectively and officials frequently engaged in corrupt practices with impunity,” the report read.

The State department noted that the institutional deficiencies of the PNP and the public perception that corruption in the police was endemic has continued.

“The PNP’s Internal Affairs Service (IAS) remained largely ineffective,” the State Department said, referring to the body which monitors the character and behavior of all policemen and investigates all administrative offenses committed by PNP personnel.

Currently, the IAS is under the supervision and control of the PNP chief.

3,619 disciplinary procedures over 14,724 complaints

The State Department noted that out of the 14,724 human rights violations complaints filed against cops from July 2016 to April 2019, the PNP recommended disciplinary procedures in 3,619 cases and dropped charges in 588 cases.

“Although the IAS claimed manpower and resource limitations hampered its investigations into deaths resulting from police operations, it asserted the majority of police operations were legitimate, lawful police actions,” the department said.

Police said just over 5,500 alleged drug dealers and users back have been killed during arrest because they resisted violently. But the figure is significantly lower than the estimates by human rights watchdogs of as many as 27,000 killed.

The PNP’s Counter-Intelligence Task Force, for its part, reported the 7,867 police received administrative punishments, 4,100 were suspended and 2,367 were dismissed as of April 2019.

The PNP CITF has been replaced by the Integrity Monitoring and Enforcement Group, which the PNP says on its website, "is designed to conduct intelligence build-up and law enforcement operations against PNP personnel who are involved in any illegal activities such as drug trafficking, human trafficking, financial crimes, cybercrime, malversation, graft and corrupt practices, security violations, and others."

‘Largely ineffective’

According to the State Department report, no extrajudicial killings or forced disappearances were identified and investigated by the AFP Human Rights Office from January to July 2019.

While it noted of the efforts to reform the PNP and AFP through human rights training, the State Department stressed that “government mechanisms to punish abuse and corruption in the security forces were poorly resourced and remained largely ineffective.”

“Prolonged delays in the justice system reinforced the perception of impunity for the security forces and for national, provincial and local government actors accused of corruption and human rights abuses,” it also said.

The US State department has been submitting annual human rights reports on all countries receiving assistance from the US as well as on all United Nations member states.

https://www.philstar.com/headlines/2020/03/12/2000198/govt-mechanism-probe-punish-erring-security-personnel-largely-ineffective-us-report

Navy chief, AFP officers confirmed to next higher rank

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From the Philippine News Agency (Mar 12, 2020): Navy chief, AFP officers confirmed to next higher rank (By Priam Nepomuceno)



CONFIRMED. Members of the Commission on Appointments (CA) pose with 22 ranking military officials after the body confirmed their promotion to the next higher rank at the Senate on Wednesday (March 11, 2020). The CA also confirmed the appointments of some reservists, including Davao City Mayor Sara Duterte and Davao City 3rd District Representative Isidro Ungab to the rank of Colonel. (Photo courtesy of AFP Public Affairs Office)

Newly-appointed Philippine Navy (PN) flag-officer-in-command Rear Admiral Giovanni Carlo Bacordo's nomination to the rank of Vice Admiral was confirmed by the Commission on Appointments (CA) during its plenary session at the Senate Wednesday.

Bacordo was the most senior of the 22 ranking military officials whose ad interim appointments and nominations were confirmed by the CA, said Captain Jonathan Zata, Armed Forces of the Philippines (AFP) public affairs office chief, in a statement Thursday.

Bacordo, a member of the Philippine Military Academy Class of 1987, took over the Navy last February following the retirement of Vice Admiral Robert Empedrad who reached the mandatory retirement age of 56.


The ad interim appointments of the following were also confirmed by the CA: The Naval Inspector General, Commodore Sean Anthony Villa, to the rank of Rear-Admiral; Col. Anthony Cacayuran, Commander, 54th Engineer Brigade, Philippine Army (PA), to the rank of Brigadier General; Col. Rommel Tello, Commander, 902nd Infantry Brigade, 9th Infantry Division, PA, to the rank of Brigadier General; Col. Gabriel Viray III, Commander, 901st Infantry Brigade, 9th Infantry Division, PA, to the rank of Brigadier General; Col. Jonas Lumawag, Commander, 1st Marine Brigade, PN, to the rank of Brig. General; Lt. Col. Saturnino Diaron of the Judge Advocate General Service, AFP, to the rank of Colonel; The Navy Chief of Engineer, Commander Edwin Princillo, to the rank of Captain; and Commander Narciso Angelo, Superintendent, Basic Training Center, Naval Construction Brigade, PN, to the rank of Captain.

Likewise, the nominations of the following were also confirmed by the CA: Brig. General Marcelino Randy Tibayan, Wing Commander, 410th Maintenance Wing, Philippine Air Force (PAF) to the rank of Major General; Brig. General Greg Almerol, Deputy Chief of Staff for Intelligence (J2), AFP, to the rank of Major General; Marine Brigadier General Ariel Caculitan, Commander, Naval Reserve Command, PN, to the rank of Major General; Brigadier General Glenn Cruz, Commander, Army Support Command, PA, to the rank of Major General; Brigadier General Arthur Cordura, Wing Commander, 520th Air Base Wing, PAF, to the rank of Major General; Brigadier General William Ilagan, The Chief Engineer, AFP, to the rank of Major General; Col. Rommel Hinlo, Commander, 52nd Engineer Brigade, PA, to the rank of Brig.General; Captain Alfonspin Tumanda Jr., Commander, Naval Combat Engineering Brigade, to the rank of Commodore; and Captain Karl Decapia, Commander, Offshore Combat Force, Philippine Fleet, PN, to the rank of Commodore

Meanwhile, the ad interim appointments of the following reservists were also confirmed by the CA: Leo Princillo, PN (M), Commander, Naval Reserve Command Central-West, PN, to the rank of Colonel; Crisanto Violan, PA, to the rank of Colonel; Davao City Mayor Sara Duterte, PA, to the rank of Colonel; and Davao City 3rd District Representative Isidro Ungab, PA, to the rank of Colonel.


Zata said the promotions of senior officers in the armed forces signify not only the advancement of military officers in their career as soldiers but also implies the bigger and more crucial responsibilities that they have to carry in support of the AFP’s mission of protecting the people and securing the state.

https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1096342

South China Sea: US Carrier Visit to Vietnam Marks Growing Ties

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From The Diplomat (Mar 12, 2020): South China Sea: US Carrier Visit to Vietnam Marks Growing Ties (By Associated Press)

A look at recent developments in the South China Sea, where China is pitted against smaller neighbors in multiple territorial disputes over islands, coral reefs and lagoons.



In this Aug. 6, 2019, file photo, a U.S. fighter jet takes off from the U.S. aircraft carrier USS Ronald Reagan for their patrol at the international waters off the South China Sea.Credit: AP Photo/Bullit Marquez

A look at recent developments in the South China Sea, where China is pitted against smaller neighbors in multiple territorial disputes over islands, coral reefs and lagoons. The waters are a major shipping route for global commerce and are rich in fish and possible oil and gas reserves.

U.S. Carrier Visit to Vietnam Marks Growing Security Ties

The USS Theodore Roosevelt made the second-ever visit by a U.S. aircraft carrier strike group to Vietnam to mark 25 years of diplomatic relations and growing security ties between the former Cold War antagonists amid China’s aggressive moves in the South China Sea.

The U.S. considers the Vietnamese to be “trusted partners and our friendship is grounded in mutual respect,” U.S. Navy Admiral and Commander of the U.S. Pacific Fleet John C. Aquilino told reporters Friday.

Relations with countries such as Vietnam form the basis of what the U.S. calls its “free and open Indo-Pacific strategy,” ensuring maritime freedoms and the continuing presence of the U.S. Navy to check China’s ambitions to dominate islands and seas in the western Pacific and extend its influence into the Indian Ocean. The U.S. has been making port calls to Vietnam since 2003.

China Disputes U.S. Accusation of Firing Laser at Plane
China’s Defense Ministry says a report that one of its navy ships fired a laser at a U.S. Navy surveillance plane last month does not “accord with reality.”

The report last month was the latest accusation that Chinese forces have used lasers to harass and potentially damage U.S. and other nations’ military aircraft and personnel.ADVERTISEMENT

However, ministry spokesman Ren Guoqiang was quoted as saying Friday that the ministry “refuted” the report and said a Chinese squadron was conducting routine exercises in international waters on Feb. 17 when the incident allegedly happened.

In China’s first public comments on the alleged incident, Ren accused an American P-8A Poseidon of carrying out “long-period circling reconnaissance at low altitude despite repeated warnings from the Chinese side.”

The U.S. accused the Chinese ship of firing a laser at a U.S. surveillance aircraft flying over the Philippine Sea west of Guam that was detected by sensors on the aircraft.

Japan, Vietnam Agree to Boost Security Cooperation

Get first-read access to major articles yet to be released, as well as links to thought-provoking commentaries and in-depth articles from our Asia-Pacific correspondents.

Japan and Vietnam have agreed to boost their security cooperation in a move likely to be viewed critically in Beijing.

The chief of staff of Japan’s defense forces, Koji Yamazaki, met with his Vietnamese counterpart, Ngo Xuan Lich, last week in Hanoi and called Vietnam a “highly important partner” for Japan, according to Japanese broadcaster NHK. It quoted Lich as saying the visit would “help boost defense ties,” but gave no specifics.

Vietnam hotly contests China’s claim to the Paracel and Spratly island groups and has brought out its maritime security forces to harass Chinese state-sponsored petroleum prospecting missions. China seized Vietnamese territory in the South China Sea with armed force and the memory of that bloodshed, coupled with centuries of Chinese political domination, remains strong among the Vietnamese public, despite efforts by the government to maintain cordial relations with Beijing.
China, meanwhile, objects strongly to the presence of the Japanese navy in the region, regarding it as merely a cat’s paw for the U.S., with which Japan has a mutual defense treaty.

Improvements on Philippines Island Progress Despite Chinese Presence

Researchers say China’s maritime militia has constantly lingered around Thitu Island, the largest of the Spratly Islands occupied by the Philippines, for over 450 days, but that Manila is proceeding with improvements to the island’s infrastructure.

China first deployed its militia vessels — mainly converted fishing ships — in December 2018 after Manila began work to repair the island’s runway and make further improvements.

A news release from the Center for Strategic and International Studies’ Maritime Transparency Initiative said the runway repairs are continuing slowly and a small harbor is being formed to improve the quality of life for the island’s civilian population, mainly fishermen. That will also help facilitate resupply and other planned construction like a desalination plant, solar arrays and improved housing. That could also allow Philippine authorities to deploy vessels in rotation to the island that China claims as its own.

“How the Chinese militia would respond, and whether they will continue to menace Thitu once the repairs are complete, are open questions,” the report said.

New Research Blames China for Reef Damage

Reefs in the South China Sea are in worse danger than ever before acknowledged, largely due to Beijing’s military buildup and over-fishing by Chinese vessels, according to researchers from James Cook University in Australia.

Dredging to construct China’s new islands has damaged the environment and there are typically 100-150 Chinese fishing boats working every reef that China controls, compared to between 0.1 and 0.5 fishing boats per reef in the Great Barrier Reef, according to the research by Eric Wolanski and Severine Chokroun.

Their report said those activities have severely reduced the amount of coral larvae and the fish that depend on them. Research is hampered because China does not provide scientists with access to the reefs it occupies or provide data on the health of coral and fish populations.

“We recognize the political difficulties, but we have defined the problem and we have the solution based on the example of the developing collaboration between the Philippines and Vietnam that manages some reefs in the archipelago,” Wolanski was quoted as saying by the university late last month.

Invoking arbitral award, Philippines rejects Malaysian, Chinese claims in South China Sea

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From the Philippine Star (Mar 11, 2020): Invoking arbitral award, Philippines rejects Malaysian, Chinese claims in South China Sea (Patricia Lourdes Viray)


In December, Malaysia requested for an extension beyond its 200 nautical mile limit before the United Nations Commission on the Limits of the Continental Shelf but China asked the commission not to consider this request as it overlaps with Beijing's claims in the South China Sea, including the West Philippine Sea.  AMTI/CSIS

Citing its July 2016 arbitral victory, the Philippines rejected Malaysia's submission for an extended continental shelf claim in the South China Sea, as well as China's opposition against this.

In December, Malaysia submitted a request to the United Nations Commission on the Limits of the Continental Shelf (UNCLCS) to extend its continental shelf beyond the 200-nautical mile limit.
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Accusing Malaysia of infringing on China's sovereignty, sovereign rights and jurisdiction in the South China Sea, Beijing earlier asked the UNCLCS not to consider Kuala Lumpur's submission.

Malaysia's claim overlaps with the Philippines

The Philippines also rejected Malaysia's claim as it overlaps with the country's claims over the Kalayaan Island Group and portions of North Borneo.

In a note verbale dated March 6, the Philippine Mission to the UN noted that Malaysia's submission also overlaps with the country's continental shelf beyond 200 nautical miles from the baselines from which Philippine territorial sea is measured.

The Philippines, however, has yet to make an official submission to the UNCLCS requesting for an extended continental shelf.

The area also overlaps with the continental shelf beyond 200 nautical miles from the baselines from which the breadth of the territorial sea of the Republic of the Philippines is measured, and over which the Government of the Republic of the Philippines intends to make a submission at a future time. Moreover, the Malaysian submission is projected from portions of North Borneo over which the Republic of the Philippines has never relinquished its sovereignty.
Philippines invokes arbitral award

In another note verbale also dated March 6, the Philippine Mission to the UN also rejected China's rejection of Malaysia's submission.


A chart from AMTI shows overlapping claims of the Philippines, Malaysia and China over the South China Sea. AMTI
"The Government of the Republic of the Philippines considers China's positions as inconsistent with international law, including the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS), which comprehensively allocate maritime rights to States," the Philippines said in its note verbale.

Citing the July 2016 arbitral ruling, the Philippines pointed out that under the UNCLOS, none of the high-tide features in the Spratly Islands are capable of sustaining human habitation or economic life of their own. They also cannot generate entitlements to an exclusive economic zone or continental shelf.

The Tribunal conclusively settled the issue of histpric rights and maritime entitlements in the South China Sea. The Tribunal ruled that claims to historic rights, or other sovereign rights or jurisdiction that exceed the geographic and substantive limits of maritime entitlements under UNCLOS, are without lawful effect. It further ruled that UNCLOS "superseded any historuc rights, or other sovereign rights or jurisdiction, in excess of the limits imposed therein."

Asia Maritime Transparency Initiative director Gregory Poling said this indicates that the Philippines maintains the arbitral award as the "law of the land."

"Although it raises problematic questions about the so-called joint development talks since the arbitral award said there is no dispute over Recto Bank," Poling told Philstar.com.

Recto Bank is one of the areas being considered for the possible joint exploration of the Philippines with China.

Philippines should file own claim

Retired Supreme Court Senior Associate Justice Antonio Carpio, meanwhile, said the Philippine government should file its own claim, which would overlap with Malaysia's claim.

"DFA should do more than that. DFA should file our own extended continental shelf claim in the South China Sea," Carpio said in a text message to Philstar.com

The extended continental shelf claim would cover 150 nautical miles from the edge of the Philippines' 200-nautical mile exclusive economic zone.

Jay Batongbacal, director of the University of the Philippines Institute for Maritime Affairs and Law of the Sea, noted how the Philippines invoked the South China Sea arbitral ruling in its latest note verbale contradicting Beijing's position.

"This is unlike previous instances where the [Philippine] government kept downplaying the Award and seemed to want to avoid having to take a position," Batongbacal said in text message to Philstar.com.

Prior to a meeting with Chinese President Xi Jinping in August last year, President Rodrigo Duterte said he would invoke the South China Sea arbitral ruling with his Chinese counterpart.

Duterte previously claimed invoking the arbitral ruling, which invalidated Beijing's expansive claims in the South China Sea, would risk going to war with China.

Despite the Philippine leader's earlier pronouncements, it turned out that Duterte and Xi "agreed to disagree" over the arbitral ruling on the South China Sea, according to presidential spokesperson Salvador Panelo.

"Both of them agreed that while the variant positions of [the] two countries remain, it should not, however, be a reason for them not to talk and continue with the dialogue peacefully to resolve the conflict," Panelo said in an interview with CNN Philippines in August.
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